CHAPTER 11

RESULT TRANSFORMATION
AND PRESENTATION

	11.1.1 Introduction
	11.1.2 Geodetic Datums
	11.1.3 Transformation Models And Procedures
	11.1.4 The Similarity Transformation Model
	11.1.5 VCV of Transformed Coordinates
	11.1.6 Ellipsoidal to Cartesian
	11.1.7 Cartesian to Ellipsoidal
	11.1.8 Cartesian to Topocentric
	11.1.9 Topocentric to Cartesian
	11.1.10 Projection Coordinates
	11.1.11 Vertical Datums And Height Systems

	11.2.1 Introduction
	11.2.2 Determining Transformation Parameters
	11.2.3 VCV Matrix of Coordinate "Observations"
	11.2.4 The Solution Procedure
	11.2.5 The Output
	11.2.6 Transformation Option In Australia

	11.3.1 Introduction
	11.3.2 The Role of Geoid Height Information
	11.3.2 Geoid Height Determination
	11.3.4 The Astro-Geodetic Method
	11.3.5 Geopotential Models
	11.3.6 Gravimetric (Stokes' Integral) Methods
	11.3.7 Geometric or Interpolation Method
	11.3.8 Geoid Height Applicatons
	11.3.9 Geoid Height and the Transformation Process
	11.3.10 GPS Levelling
	11.3.11 GPS And The Geoid In Australia