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Establishing a High Quality, Multi-Functional GPS Base Station
and Associated Geodetic Applications
Summary: Many positioning applications in geodesy, surveying and precise navigation are relying on permanent GPS base (or reference) station data. Some are intended to support real-time applications such as the generation of corrections for Differential GPS or the monitoring of atmospheric parameters. Others are intended primarily for the recording of tracking data (which is then analysed "off-line"). Increasingly permanent GPS stations are organised into networks that are intended to support several applications, some real-time and some requiring very fast data sampling (<1Hz). The issue of "data quality" is also of critical concern for many applications. It is important that the base station data is reliable and of a consistently high quality. Hence algorithms for data "screening" to detect/repair cycle slips, mitigate multipath disturbances, and characterise variable data quality (whatever its source) must be implemented. Database management is also a crucial issue.
As part of the "characterisation" of data quality it is also necessary to distinguish between "internal" factors due to the receiver/antenna hardware and that due to "atmospheric conditions". The principle issue is transient ionospheric phenomena such as Travelling Ionosperic Disturbances and Ionospheric Scintillation. Investigations are underway to implement real-time detection algorithms. Future activities include launching new research initiatives in the area of 'GPS Meteorology'.
Multipath detection and mitigation is also a crucial issue, and has been investigated for several years by Shaowei Han and Linlin Ge.
Finally, some investigations have been directed into the analysis of continuous GPS observations (& results) in order to extract geophysical signal. In particular, Linlin Ge has proposed the novel design of a 'GPS seismometer'. Clement Ogaja, on the other hand, is investigating the use of GPS for monitoring the high frequency vibration of buildings and other manmade structures.
Publications on related topics:
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CHEN, H.Y., RIZOS, C., & HAN, S., 2001. From simulation to implementation: Low-cost densification of permanent GPS networks in support of geodetic applications. Journal of Geodesy, 75(9-10), 515-526. (Download PDF)
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DAI, L., HAN, S., WANG, J., & RIZOS, C., 2001. A study of GPS/GLONASS multiple reference station techniques for precise real-time carrier phaseÐbased positioning. 14th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 11-14 September. (Download PDF)
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DAI, L., WANG, J., RIZOS, C., & HAN, S., 2001. Real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution for GPS/GLONASS reference station networks. Int. Symp. on Kinematic Systems in Geodesy, Geomatics & Navigation (KIS2001), Banff, Canada, 5-8 June, 475-481. (Download PDF)
- DAI, L., WANG, J., RIZOS, C., & HAN, S., 2003. Predicting atmospheric biases for real-time ambiguity resolution in GPS/GLONASS reference station networks. Journal of Geodesy, 76, 617-628. (Download PDF)
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FEATHERSTONE, W.E., STEWART, M.P., RIZOS, C., HAN, S., COLEMAN, R., TREGONING, P., & MORGAN, P.J., 2000. A new facility to enhance Australian GPS-geodetic research. Aust. Surveyor, 45(1), 20-30.(Download PDF)
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FU, W.X., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., KNIGHT, M., & FINN, A., 1999. Real-time ionospheric scintillation monitoring using GPS. 12th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION'99, Nashville, Tennessee, 14-17 September, 1461-1471. (Download PDF)
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FU, W.X., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., KNIGHT, M., & FINN, A., 2000. Some results on the nonparametric statistics of ionospheric scintillation from GPS data collected in the equatorial zone. Proc. Int. Symp. on GPS: Application to Earth Sciences & Interaction with Other Space Geodetic Techniques, Tsukuba, Japan, 18-22 October, 1999. (Download PDF)
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GE, L., 1999. GPS seismometer and its signal extraction. 12th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION'99, Nashville, Tennessee, 14-17 September, 41-51.
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GE, L., HAN, S., & RIZOS, C., 1999. Fast RTK applications of the Leica CRS1000 GPS receiver. 4th Australasian Symp. on Satellite Navigation Technology & Applications, Brisbane, Australia, 20-23 July, paper 44, 11pp.
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GE, L., HAN, S., & RIZOS, C., 1999. GPS-RTK applications for assisting the engineering design of large structures. "Measurement for a Sustainable Future", Metrology Society of Australia, Sydney, Australia, 22-24 September, 287-291.
- GE, L., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., & HATANAKA, Y., 2001. GPS multipath change detection at permanent GPS stations. Submitted to JGR (Download PDF)
- GE, L., CHEN, H.Y., HAN, S., & RIZOS, C., 2000. Adaptive filtering of continuous GPS results. Journal of Geodesy, 4(7/8), 572-580. (Download PDF)
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GE, L., CHEN, H.Y., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., VESPE, F., & SCHLUETER, W., 2000. The integration of collocated GPS, VLBI and SLR results. 13th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 19-22 September, 1525-1535. (Download PDF)
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GE, L., DAI, L., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., & ISHIKAWA, Y., 2000. GPS seismometers: The implementing issues. 13th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 19-22 September, 75-83. (Download PDF)
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GE, L., HAN, S., & RIZOS, C., 2000. Multipath mitigation using an adaptive filter. GPS Solutions, 4(2), 19-30. (Download PDF)
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GE, L., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., ISHIKAWA, Y., HOSHIBA, M., YOSHIDA, Y., IZAWA, M., HASHIMOTO, N., & HIMORI, S., 2000. GPS seismometers with up to 20Hz sampling rate. Earth, Planets & Space, 52(10), 881-884.(Download PDF)
- GE, L., HAN, S., RIZOS, C., & HATANAKA, Y., 2000. GPS multipath change detection at permanent GPS stations. Submitted to JGR (Download PDF)
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HAN, S., & RIZOS, C., 2000. GPS multipath mitigation using FIR filters. Survey Review, 35(277), 487-498.
- JANSSEN, V., 2000. Optimising the number of double-differenced observations for GPS networks in support of deformation monitoring applications. GPS Solutions, 4(3), 41-46.
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OGAJA, C., RIZOS, C., & HAN, S., 2000. Is GPS good enough for monitoring the dynamics of high-rise buildings? 2nd Trans Tasman Survey Congress, Queenstown, New Zealand, 20-26 August, 150-164. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., RIZOS, C., WANG, J., & BROWNJOHN, J., 2001. GPS and building monitoring case study: Republic Plaza Building, Singapore. Submitted to the Australian Surveyor. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., 2001. On-line GPS integrity monitoring and deformation analysis for structural monitoring applications. 14th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 11-14 September. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., RIZOS, C., WANG, J., & BROWNJOHN, J., 2001. Towards the implementation of on-line structural monitoring using RTK-GPS and analysis of results using the wavelet transform. 10th FIG Int. Symp. on Deformation Measurements, Orange, California, 19-22 March, 284-293. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., RIZOS, C., WANG, J., & BROWNJOHN, J., 2001. A dynamic GPS system for on-line structural monitoring. Int. Symp. on Kinematic Systems in Geodesy, Geomatics & Navigation (KIS2001), Banff, Canada, 5-8 June. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., RIZOS, C., WANG, J., & BROWNJOHN, J., 2001. High precision dynamic GPS system for on-line structural monitoring. 5th Int. Symp. on Satellite Navigation Technology & Applications, Canberra, Australia, 24-27 July, paper 35, CD-ROM proc. (Download PDF)
- OGAJA, C., WANG, J., & RIZOS, C., 2001. Principal Component Analysis of wavelet transformed GPS data for deformation monitoring. IAG Scientific Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, 3-8 September.
- TSUJII, T., WANG, J., RIZOS, C., HARIGAE, M., & INAGAKI, T., 2000. Estimation of residual tropospheric delay for high-altitude vehicles: Towards precise positioning of a stratosphere airship. 13th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 19-22 September, 696-704. (Download PDF)
- TSUJII, T., WANG, J., RIZOS, C., HARIGAE, M., & INAGAKI, T., 2001. A new tropospheric delay model for high-altitude vehicle positioning. Submitted to Geomatics Research Australasia. (Download PDF)
- TSUJII, T., WANG, J., RIZOS, C., DAI, L., HARIGAE, M., INAGAKI, T., FUJIWARA, T., & KATO, T., 2001. A technique for precise positioning of High Altitude Paltforms System (HAPS) using a GPS ground reference network. 14th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 11-14 September.
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